Terms: Magnetostrictive Transducers (1,050), magnetostrictive transducer (656), magnetostrictive oscillators (90), magnetostrictive oscillator (95),
Terms: magnetostriction (92,500), magnetostrictive (182,000), magnetostrictive materials (3,080), giant magnetostrictive (1,170), magnetostrictive alloys (310), Terfenol-D (3,300), Metgalss (2),
Terms: electropermanent (222),
Terms: Joule effect (3,060), Villari effect (203), Wiedemann effect (185), Matteuci effect (71), Barnett effect (216), Barkhausen effect (1,750),
Terms: magnetoelastic (42,300), magnetomechanical (2,660),
Terms: magnetic to mechanical (116), mechanical to magnetic (41),
Terms: torque meters (23,300), magnetic positioners (302), active vibration control (67,700), active noise control (93,000), industrial ultrasonics (243), seismic sources (61,300), reaction mass actuators (80), vibration absorbers (44,300), magnetostrictive shaker (41),
Electromagnet, Helmholtz coil, Hooke's law
,
, 
x is the on-axis distance in meters. R radius of coil in meters.
Terms: actuators (5,970,000), linear motors (254,000), linear motor (319,000),
Terms: solenoid (5,390,000), solenoids (1,780,000), electromechanical solenoid (171), electromechanical solenoids (126),
Terms: springs (193,000,000), spring constants (50,600), torsional spring constants (113), spring parameters (517), force constant (133,000), force constants (71,800), hooke's law (192,000), zero length springs (93),
Physics of the Zero-Length Spring of Geoscience