Area Control Error

Terms: Area Control Error (19,900), ACE frequency monitoring (71), ACE frequency (635), ace frequency data (11), frequency monitoring (94,500), area interchange error (187), instantaneous ACE (14), instantaneous area control error (26),

Terms: raw ace (3,530),

FERC - Principles of Efficient and Reliable Reactive Power Supply and Consumption

Terms: inadvertent interchange (10,600), open access same time information system (30,400),

Boolean: "automatic generation control" +"real time database" (39), "time error" +ACE (30,200), "frequency bias" +ACE (1,670), "frequency bias" +MW +Hz (1,060), "mw/min" (22,900), "area control error" +quality (2,720), "voltage regulation" +"area control error" (236),

FR Doc E8-9013 - They do this by including a frequency bias component in their ACE calculation which indicates how many more or fewer megawatts
a balancing authority would have interchanged with neighboring balancing authorities if the actual frequency had been exactly maintained so as to equal to the scheduled frequency

Terms: tie line frequency bias (93), flat-frequency (462,000), flat-tie (31,100),

Terms: time error correction (11,900), time error devices (91), time error (2,700,000),

Terms: control area balancing (1,180), balancing authority (53,900), adequacy criterion (19,300), adequacy criteria (50,400), minimal control (235,000), quality of control (38,400),

Terms: ACE equation (1,500), cps1 performance criteria (5), control performance standards (12,200), 123 control areas (7), control area authority (263),

CERTS - Area Control Error and Frequency

Enhancing the Operation of Highly Varying Industrial Loads

EPRI - CPS Based Control Algorithms for Modern AGC Systems

Northwest Power Pool - Minimum Operating Reliability Criteria

Terms: frequency response characteristic (14,300), frequency bias (33,200), governor droop (1,280), area frequency bias (312), frequency response factor (37), area bias setting (7), 

WECC Glossary

Southwest Power Pool Glossary

Frequency Control in Various Countries

Terms: tie line bias (583), tie line loading (148),

Terms: automatic generation control (44,300), load frequency control (18,800), transmission providers (191,000), generation suppliers (31,500), generation serving entities (4), load serving entity (71,100), reliability regions (3,200), reliability region (9,180), reliability area (9,850),

Terms: industrial load variations (6), gross generation (41,400), load following (227,000), energy imbalance service (14,400), control of transmission congestion (35), economic dispatch (184,000),

Terms: control area dispatchers (19), reliability coordinators (22,100), reliability compliance manager (106),

Terms: grid reliability (262,000), grid metrics (5,000), grid security (300,000),

Terms: spinning reserve (181,000), baseload capacity (38,100), phasor measurement unit (2,380),

Terms: inadvertant interchange (29), net interchange actual (35), net interchange scheduled (62), interchange schedule (11,200), scheduled interchange (15,500),

Terms: system disturbance (40,700), frequency abnormality (85), abnormal frequency notification (7), abnormal frequency (19,100),

Artificial Neural Network based Design of Governor Controller  0.8% change in P for 1% change in F.  Or 0.6% or 0.9%