Terms: Plasma Frequency (150,000), plasma frequencies (11,500), plasma resonances (2,230), plasma satellite (35,500), plasma satellites (321), electron plasma frequency (22,200), ion plasma frequency (4,430),
Terms: plasma oscillations (48,200), plasma longitudinal (615), longitudinal plasma (8,110),
Terms: forced resonance (2,240), homogeneous broadening (15,200), collision broadening (9,230), line broadening (198,000), doppler broadening (90,200), stark broadening (24,800), natural broadening (2,400),
Terms: debye shielding distance (231), debye shielding (20,300), debye length (91,000),
Terms: electron cyclotron (250,000), electron cyclotron harmonics (546), cyclotron frequency (97,100), cyclotron resonance (412,000), proton cyclotron (14,800), ion cyclotron (267,000), spin precession (58,200), proton spin precession (31), electron spin precession (1,190), electron cyclotron emission (22,200), cyclotron emission imaging (459), plasma diagnostics (171,000),
Terms: density fluctuations (252,000), temperature fluctuations (1,280,000), line width fluctuations (30), amplitude fluctuations (49,500), voltage fluctuations (455,000), magnetic fluctuations (78,600), electron density fluctuation (951), electron density fluctuations (10,400), zero frequency (194,000), entropy fluctuation (1,030),
Boolean: "low frequency" +"plasma frequency" (29,300), "plasma diagnostics" +magnetometer (637), "plasma diagnostics" +magnetometer +array (270),
Boolean: "magnetic methods" +"plasma diagnostics" (14), "magnetic diagnostics" +plasma (6,730), "magnetic measurements" +plasma (39,000), "magnetic methods" +plasma (1,120),
Terms: magnetic diagnostics (10,600), plasma control (80,800), plasma shape (31,700), plasma currents (24,000), low frequency magnetic (124,000),
The magnetic power spectrum in Faraday rotation screens - If the Faraday active medium is external to the source, a wavelength-square dependence of the polarisation angle measured can be observed and used to obtain the RM, which is the proportionality constant of this dependence. Typical RM values of galaxy clusters are of the order of a few 100 rad/m2 ... in cooling flow clusters extreme RM values of a few 1000 rad/m2 were detected
Investigations of Faraday Rotation Maps of Extended Radio Sources
Terms: magnetic power spectra (456), magnetic power spectrum (597), magnetic * power spectra (416), faraday screen (3,370), faraday rotation screen (8), faraday rotation screens (32), foreground faraday screen (63),
Boolean: magnetic +power +spectrum +Faraday +rotation +screens (1,220),
Terms: rotation measure map (54), background radio source (337), extended background radio source (10), cosmic magnetic fields (22,200), galactic magnetic (48,600), interstellar magnetic (32,900), interplanetary magnetic (215,000), intergalactic magnetic (13,000), radio galaxy (935,000), magnetic fluctuations (78,600),
Terms: primordial fluctuations (20,100), faraday rotation maps (122), faraday rotation images (21),
Steady-State Position Control for the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX)
Terms: broadband thermal fluctuations (1), broadband thermal (1,130), thermal fluctuations (210,000),
Terms: faraday rotation (118,000), motional stark effect (16,200), the internal magnetic field (13,900), magnetic measurements (220,000),
Boolean: "faraday rotation" +interstellar (17,200), "faraday rotation" +interplanetary (1,840), "faraday rotation" +intergalactic (2,840),
Boolean: "plasma diagnostics" +squid (459), title:plasma +title:diagnostics +magnetometer (1), imaging +magnetometer +array +plasma (42,100),
The Evolution of Light Scattering as a Plasma Diagnostic - very nice history
Experimental Plasma Physics Group - Publications
Edward M Purcell - Nobel Lecture - Nuclear Magnetism
Boolean: "electron cyclotron" +"line width" (734), "collision frequency" +plasma (56,700), "collision frequency" +"electron density" (24,800), plasma +(fluctuation OR fluctuations) (2,480,000), "plasma frequency" +(fluctuation OR fluctuations) (34,900), "plasma frequency" +"density fluctuations" (2,170),
Boolean: "plasma frequency" +absorption +"line width" (441), "plasma frequency" +absorption +linewidth (757), "plasma frequency" +evanescent (2,780),
Terms: evanescent wave fields (89), evanescent wave (132,000), negative group velocity (10,800), plasma turbulence (95,700), radio scintillation (1,560), scintillation (3,190,000),
Terms: electromagnetic sounding (19,600), radio sounding (41,400), ulf sounding (18), magnetic sounding (790), electron cyclotron emission correlation (14), emission correlation (591), emission correlation radiometry (12), correlation radiometry (1,320), correlation magnetometry (6),
Comparison of different methods of electron cyclotron emission-correlation radiometry for the measurement of temperature fluctuations in the plasma core - This limit can be overcome by correlation analysis techniques using two signals which are incoherent with respect to the thermal noise, but represent the same plasma temperature with its fluctuations.
An atmospheric model for the ion cyclotron line of Geminga
Pentagon Reports from Storming Media
McDonald, Princeton - Negative Group Velocity
Classical electron oscillator model - Spectral Line Shapes and How to model them
Theory and Modeling of Space and Astrophysical Plasmas
Coherent-State Model of Transverse Plasma-Satellites
IUPAC Gold Book - Stern–Volmer kinetic relationships
Wikipedia - Cauchy distribution,
Terms: tunneling (11,100,000), particle in a box (68,300), acoustic response (96,200), acoustic absorption (99,100), natural frequencies (405,000), fundamental modes (52,300), forced oscillations (90,500), equation of motion (735,000),
Terms: plasma conductivity (8,820), wave plasma (36,200), plasma wave (185,000), plasma waves (170,000), plasma oscillations (48,100), radiative transfer (1,140,000),
Terms: voigt profile (20,200), voigt profile (20,200), natural linewidth (23,400), lorentzian (591,000), lorentzian distribution (7,340), cauchy distribution (68,600), electron ion (230,000), ion electron (99,400), lorentzian function (18,600),
Terms: electron plasma frequency (22,200), ion plasma frequency (4,400), upper hybrid frequency (1,380), plasma waves (170,000), plasma wave (185,000), waves in plasma (18,200),
Boolean: "plasma frequency" +waves (79,400), "dielectric constant" +plasma (229,000), dispersion +plasma (2,020,000), absorption +plasma (8,880,000), "line width" +plasma (104,000), resonance +plasma (3,940,000), "radiative transfer" +plasma (106,000),
Terms: electron cyclotron resonance (134,000), polarization (16,900,000),
Terms: dielectric constant of a plasma (34), negative dielectric constant (1,410),
UTexas.edu - Dielectric constant of a plasma - Dielectric constant of a gaseous medium
Terms: phase velocity (348,000), group velocity (410,000), standing waves (1,010,000), totally reflected (44,400), plasma spectroscopy (107,000), plasma diagnostics (171,000),
Terms: speed of information (182,000), by means of electromagnetic waves (2,600), slowly varying function (28,800), rapidly oscillating function (395),
Comment: The presentation on plasma frequency begins with an incomplete model of polarization in the media. Of course it is going to come up with incomplete results and options. The assumption (unstated) is that the plasma is examined over times very short with respect to the size and resonances of the plasma itself. Over times where the plasma only responds locally. And information from the presumed sensors is ignored. They use only memory-less sensors. And they use only one sensor at a time. That is where most of the information is lost. What is needed is real spectra, real response functions, multiple types of sensors, fast data collection, consistent data collection, and patience to tease out the results. This is "pop" physics for short attention spans. Think decades not minutes. Think terabytes per second recording rates, not MHz readings that are instantly forgotten.
Comment: The plasma is not a rigid thing. It will be affected by the electromagnetic sources (far field), and by the varying electrostatic and varying magnetic fields (near field sources) of the plasma itself. Not all information will be reflected back to the source, but will be scattered in all directions, including - ultimately - along the direct of travel of the electromagnetic waves striking the plasma.
Comment: The one dimensional arguments for ideal plasma behavior fall down, when one takes a real plasma which is rich in internal behavior and which stores the memories of past encounters.
Comment: Another problem with the calculations of expected behavior of plasmas is the authors constantly assume no memory on the part of the sensor. Only averages and net results are given - yet real sensors today can measure and record at the same rate (or faster) than the variations in the incoming signal. There are many instances where a network of sensors is kept running for decades - faithfully recording (and analyzing) data. The past history of variations and situations can be mined to find patterns for detecting new events and filling in the blanks. The memory that is important is not the memory of the plasma, but the memory of the sensors monitoring the plasma.
Comment: A pure electron plasma is rare. But it is not a homogeneous thing. It has texture and dynamics because it is at a finite temperature. That behavior will be encoded in the fluctuating data recorded by networks of thermometers, bolometers, magnetometers, electrometers, spectrometers, electromagnetic sensors and receivers of many types. Information from (and about) the plasma is rich. The plasma records (is affected by and subsequently changes because of) energy from many sources.
Comment: At very low frequencies, if the energy of an electromagnetic wave is reflected or absorbed on one side of the plasma, that means the whole plasma will be affected. Reflection means transmitting twice the energy through and into the plasma. Absorption means just the momentum of the incident wave.
Comment: An electron can only have one path. If it is moved to a region of high gradient because of its random walk, it cannot also be in another region. There will be holes in plasma - because of the previous waves. Bleaching of a plasma.
Comment: I know that plasmas can be used to accelerate particles. Plasmas can be self focusing. Plasmas store energy. Plasmas are three dimensional, so that waves entering from one direction will generate data that streams out in all directions, including back to the source. These behaviors depend on the distances and interactions of electrons (and ions) at every point in the plasma.
Comments: The universe is patient and long-lived. A source might be illuminating the same region of interstellar medium for a billion years. You cannot tell me that does not affect the plasma, or some region of interstellar medium. Space in not empty. If can hold cold neutral atoms, as well as ions and electrons. It has much thermal radiation, and every pair of atoms holds energy in storage for possible future events. Stored energy released in the future has some complementary event or events in the past.
Comment: When the equations determining the behavior of a plasma were created, there was an implicit assumption that the wavelength of the wave was smaller than the size of the plasma itself. This is a crucial assumption. For waves larger than the plasma, the whole resonant structure of the plasma must be considered. Imagine a small region of space, one light day in diameter. It has been receiving information and energy from all directions for billions of years. It's composition has been changing at some slow pace, but during that time electromagnetic energy has passed through, and been a part of, the space.
Terms: interstellar medium (1,130,000), interplanetary space (406,000), interstellar space (1,080,000), interplanetary medium (93,000),
Terms: electromagnetic bleaching (1),
Boolean: "plasma waves" +bleaching (56), electromagnetic +bleaching (90,100),
UTexas.edu - Propagation in a conductor
Comment: The joule heating and skin depth are not without consequences. If the electromagnetic wave is attenuated or absorbed or scattered by any process this has consequences for the medium. The subsequent heating will generate electromagnetic waves which resonate within the medium and are emitted into the space around it. Magnetic fields will be generated. The lattice (in solid and fluid media) will be displaced and will often resonate. Chemical events can occur; fractures and cracks and electrical sparks can occur; domains can form, distort, collapse.
Comment: I keep reading the story of VLF and ELF communications, with the pained story of huge antennas. Yet at the same time I see the dielectric resonantor antennas which can be rather small. I would say these people are lazy in their research, or just unfortunate to not see what is going on with a problem they think is unsolvable.
Terms: dielectric resonator (126,000), dielectric resonator antenna (19,800), dielectric resonators (54,700), microwave dielectric resonators (413),
Terms: whispering gallery (333,000), whispering gallery mode (34,300), whispering gallery method (9), cryogenic microwave oscillators (25),
Terms: sapphire rutile dielectric resonator (1), sapphire dielectric resonator (217),
John Hartnett - University of Western Australia - Frequency Standards & Metrology - large scale structure of the universe, cryogenic microwave oscillators based of a pure sapphire crystal, publications,
Boolean: "dielectric resonator" +site:mil (26), "dielectric resonator" +site:cn (630), "dielectric resonator" +site:gov (313), "dielectric resonator" +site:uk (915), "dielectric resonator" +site:jp (711), "dielectric resonator" +site:au (360), "dielectric resonator" +site:au (360),
Terms: broadband antenna (119,000), wideband antenna (49,200), stacked antenna (1,810), dielectric antenna (39,900), resonator antenna (23,100),
Wikipedia - Dielectric Resonator Antenna,
Fractal Antenna note: "the most important antenna quantity when dealing with electrically small antennas is Q. It considers ALL electromagnetic effects and allows one to compare ANY two antennas in an unbiased fashion."
Terms: multiferroics (101,000), multiferroic (119,000), ferroic (38,100), ferroics (10,700),
Terms: antenna q (26,100), q of an antenna (92), antenna efficiency (71,600), antenna sensitivity (23,100), antenna performance (207,000), antenna q factor (270),
Terms: antenna array (588,000), steered antenna (2,790), antenna strip (1,060), microstrip antenna (115,000), antenna analyzer (109,000), random wire antenna (14,200), antenna noise temperature (12,400), array antenna (373,000), distributed antenna (138,000), coherent beam forming (35), space based radar (73,200), electronically steerable antennas (687), electronic beamforming (306), beam forming (390,000), beamforming (826,000), software defined antenna (73), fractal antenna (43,500),
Boolean: (multiferroic OR multiferroics) +(antenna OR antennas) (1,190), (ferroic OR ferroics) +(antenna OR antennas) (487),
Boolean: electret +antenna (164,000), site:wikipedia.org +title:antenna (368),
Terms: electrostatic sensors (1,620), electrostatic detectors (263), detecting electrostatic fields (7),
Terms: electrometer (323,000), electrometers (76,200), solid state electrometers (45), solid state electrometer (178), electrostatic voltmeter (24,500), frequency electrometer (17), low frequency electrostatic (2,320), recording electrometer (9), recording voltmeter (1,970), digital electrometer (1,780), digital voltmeter (409,000),
Terms: ac electrometer (5),
Terms: measure voltage distribution (10), measuring voltage distribution (17), measure surface voltage (29), measure voltage distribution (10), voltage distribution (380,000), surface voltage (18,700), 3d voltage (2,560), 3d electrostatic (1,700),
Terms: voltage profile (67,600), charge profile (33,800), charge distribution (529,000),
Terms: surface charge distribution (16,100), charge density (1,080,000), volume charge density (45,600), electron density (1,870,000),
Wikipedia - electrometer,
Terms: millicoulomb (2,980), microcouloumb (4), nanocoulomb (8,390), picocoulomb (4,190), femtocoulomb (380), attocoulomb (309), zeptocoulomb (280), zettacoulomb (324),
Boolean: "plasma frequency" +"electron density" (40,800), "plasma frequency" +"charge density" (14,100), "plasma frequency" +"ion density" (9,070),
UCCS.edu - Plasma Physics, Physics of Thin Films
Terms: dilute plasma (1,810), interstellar scintillation (12,200), interstellar scattering (2,770), interstellar propagation (951), interstellar scintillations (599), refractive interstellar * (495), interstellar medium (1,130,000), interstellar refractive (23), refractive scintillation (954), diffractive scintillation (834), electron plasma frequency (22,000), ion plasma frequency (4,160), local interstellar medium (38,800), interplanetary medium (93,100),
Boolean: "plasma frequency" +interstellar (3,000), (pulsar OR pulsars) +interstellar (427,000), site:lwa.nrl.navy.mil (2,460), link:lwa.nrl.navy.mil (109),
Anisotropy in Pulsar Interstellar Scattering
Low Frequency Astrophysics from Space - Navy.mil Low Frequency Astrophysics - Long Wavelength Array - LWA Science -
University of New Mexico - Long Wavelength Array
NASA - Planetary Magnetospheres Laboratory - Code 695 - STEREO mission site - Stereo/Swaves -
Terms: low frequency astrophysics (339), long wavelength astronomy (474), long wavelength array (11,700), long wavelength array science (4),
Terms: magnetized plasma (94,900), compressional electromagnetic waves (29),
Comment: One reason people shifted to magnetoencephallograpy is that it is independent of conductivity. This brain is essentially uniform in magnetic properties, so the imaging magnetometer array used for MEG could reasonably be applied on largers scales using magnetometers around the globe and in space together to look at the heavens. The slow magnetic field variations should easily penetrate the ionosphere.
Boolean: site:nrl.navy.mil (94,700), site:www.nrl.navy.mil (3,310), site:aic.nrl.navy.mil (513), site:lasco-www.nrl.navy.mil (25,000), site:rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil (1,110), site:itd.nrl.navy.mil (2,160), site:secchi.nrl.navy.mil (960), site:cmf.nrl.navy.mil (2,280), site:cst-www.nrl.navy.mil (6,160), site:infoweb.nrl.navy.mil (1,790), site:xweb.nrl.navy.mil (15,000), site:chacs.nrl.navy.mil (2,700), site:wwwsolar.nrl.navy.mil (396), site:nanosra.nrl.navy.mil (7), site:ppdweb.nrl.navy.mil (282), site:heron.nrl.navy.mil (2,120), site:ait.nrl.navy.mil (696), site:lcp.nrl.navy.mil (1,120), site:projects.nrl.navy.mil (86), site:wvms.nrl.navy.mil (302), site:solartheory.nrl.navy.mil (24), site:uap-www.nrl.navy.mil (3,950), site:onion-router.nrl.navy.mil (12), site:lwa.nrl.navy.mil (2,470), site:itd.nrl.navy.mil (2,160), site:crsp3.nrl.navy.mil (2), site:chemdiv-www.nrl.navy.mil (19), site:chem1.nrl.navy.mil (2), site:sungrazer.nrl.navy.mil (250), site:radar-www.nrl.navy.mil (174), site:hroffice.nrl.navy.mil (1), site:creme96.nrl.navy.mil (244), site:mp-www.nrl.navy.mil (24), site:uap-www.nrl.navy.mil (3,950), site:wvms.nrl.navy.mil (302), site:sadbu.nrl.navy.mil (16), site:vader.nrl.navy.mil (1), site:supply.nrl.navy.mil (621), site:other.nrl.navy.mil (2,550), site:airborne.nrl.navy.mil (142), site:heseweb.nrl.navy.mil (5,850), site:nrlbio.nrl.navy.mil (41), site:simdis.nrl.navy.mil (4), site:estd-www.nrl.navy.mil (73), site:code8100.nrl.navy.mil (33), site:stereo.nrl.navy.mil (3,690), site:chemistry.nrl.navy.mil (171), site:mrr.nrl.navy.mil (32), site:loops.nrl.navy.mil (5), site:builder.nrl.navy.mil (3), site:infralynx.nrl.navy.mil (53), site:timescales.nrl.navy.mil (1),
Boolean: site:techtransfer.nrl.navy.mil (5), site:code8200.nrl.navy.mil (60),